Application of semiconductor: components and integrated circuits made of semiconductor materials are important basic products of the electronic industry, and have been widely used in various aspects of electronic technology. The production and scientific research of semiconductor materials, devices and integrated circuits have become an important part of the electronic industry. In terms of new product development and new technology development, the more important areas are:
1. Integrated circuit is one of the most active fields in the development of semiconductor technology, which has developed to the stage of large-scale integration. Tens of thousands of transistors can be made on a silicon chip of several square millimeters, a micro information processor can be made on a silicon chip, or other complex circuit functions can be completed. The development direction of integrated circuits is to achieve higher integration and micro power consumption, and to make the information processing speed reach the picosecond level.
2. Microwave device semiconductor microwave device includes receiving, controlling and transmitting devices. Receiver devices below millimeter wave band have been widely used. In the centimeter band, the power of transmitting devices has reached several watts. People are developing new devices and new technologies to obtain greater output power.
3. Optoelectronic devices The development of semiconductor light-emitting devices, camera devices and laser devices makes optoelectronic devices become an important field. Their applications mainly include optical communication, digital display, image reception, optical integration, etc. Definition: semiconductor refers to the material with conductivity between conductor and insulator at room temperature. Classification: According to chemical composition, it can be divided into two categories: element semiconductor and compound semiconductor. Germanium and silicon are the most commonly used element semiconductor compound semiconductors, including Group III and Group V compounds (gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, etc.), Group II and Group VI compounds (cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, etc.), oxides (manganese, chromium, iron, copper oxides), and solid solutions (gallium aluminum arsenic, gallium arsenic phosphorus, etc.) composed of Group III - V compounds and Group II - VI compounds. According to its manufacturing technology, it can be divided into: integrated circuit devices, discrete devices, optoelectronic semiconductors, logic ICs, analog ICs, memories and other major categories, which are generally divided into small categories. In addition, there are also classification methods based on application fields, design methods, etc. Although they are not commonly used, they are still classified according to IC, LSI, VLSI (Very Large LSI) and their scales. In addition, there are also methods to classify the signals processed into analog, digital, analog digital mixture and functions. Features: five characteristics of semiconductor: doping, thermal sensitivity, photosensitivity, negative resistivity temperature characteristics, rectification characteristics.
